Just a general article on graphite demand
This ASX vertically integrated battery stock says graphite will remain central to world’s EV plans
Magnis reckons graphite is the power behind the power. Picture: Getty Images
- By JESSICA CUMMINS
- STOCKHEAD
- UPDATED 9:24AM SEPTEMBER 19, 2023, FIRST PUBLISHED AT 8:54AM SEPTEMBER 19, 2023
While lithium is the poster child of the energy transition, graphite might well be the great sleeper battery mineral that is starting to awaken.
After all, graphite is the largest component by volume in any given lithium-ion battery (LIB).
It makes up around 20-25 per cent by weight of LIBs, or about 15 times the amount of lithium.
That means a supercharged appetite for a battery-quality graphite.
This demand is now likely to surpass the capacities of existing graphite mines with Macquarie’s Graphite Market Outlook estimating graphite supply will be in deficit within the next two years.
Companies with established resources and a clear plan for vertically integrated production are in the best position to capitalise in the highly demanding LIB market.
For example,
Magnis Energy Technologies (ASX:MNS) with its proposed Nachu graphite project in Tanzania, and graphite AAM plant and currently operating iM3NY lithium-ion battery plant in the US.
Graphite: the anode star
Magnis has been active on major fronts of the LIB value chain.
It is looking to produce 236,000Mt of graphite concentrate per year from its 29.77sq km Nachu project, home to a 174Mt resource at 5.4 per cent Total Graphitic Carbon (TGC) for 9.3Mt contained graphite.
Nachu graphite project location. Picture: Magnis Energy Technologies
The plan is to use the intrinsic high-quality, high-purity Nachu graphite concentrate as a feedstock to make battery-active anode material (AAM).
Standard natural graphite anode products in the marketplace have a first-cycle efficiency (FCE) of 92 per cent.
Nachu AAM provides benefits to EV and ESS (energy storage system) manufacturers with a enhanced energy density cell, resulting in a longer average range and lifespan.
How the Nachu anode compares to its standard counterpart. Picture: Magnis Energy Technologies
In February, Magnis signed an agreement with EV giant Tesla to supply a minimum 17,500tpa of AAM beginning in February 2025 for at least three years, with fixed pricing, from its yet-to-be-built-plant.
Meanwhile, the company’s 73 per cent-owned subsidiary Imperium3 New York, Inc (iM3NY) operates a gigawatt-scale lithium-ion battery manufacturing plant in Endicott, New York.
During the July quarter iM3NY entered into a joint venture agreement with Indian electric vehicle manufacturer Omega Seiki Mobility for the manufacture and sale of lithium-ion battery packs.
The JV company acts as a stand-alone profit centre and will manufacture and sell lithium-ion battery packs produced in India to be used in OSM’s two, three- and four-wheeler electric vehicles, with a geographical target covering India, UAE, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar and Saudi Arabia.
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Graphite’s future secure
Electrification of the transportation sector expected to account for 80 per cent of global battery demand by 2030.
EV manufacturers are now competing to provide consumers with optimum-range vehicles powered by high-capacity, high-energy density, safe, sustainable, and cost-effective lithium-ion batteries.
“They are doing this by forming strategic partnerships with innovative Li-ion battery manufacturers, who in turn, are employing advanced battery chemistries, battery pack designs, and processing technologies in their batteries,” MNS director of battery technologies, Dr Jawahar Nerkar, said.
Battery makers like Magnis.
Dr Nerkar observed that competition-driven innovation was pushing battery manufacturers to use next-gen materials such as Ni-rich cathode materials and a higher loading of silicon in graphite composite anode in batteries to enhance energy density, while next-gen technologies offering fast-charging capability were also sought.
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“The commercial viability of alternative high-energy density technologies such as high-voltage cathodes, lithium-sulphur, solid-state electrolytes, and lithium metal anode are being explored,” Dr Nerkar said.
“At the same time, solvent-free dry electrode manufacturing and cell-to-pack battery assembly are being pursued as efficient, sustainable and cost-competitive processing and cell engineering battery technologies respectively.”
Dr Nerkar said that irrespective of a battery’s cathode chemistry over the coming decade, graphite would remain the prevalent active anode material (AAM) in lithium-ion batteries.
“Securing graphite supply to meet demand and mitigate production delays is crucial,” he said.
“This is what we are starting to see now.”
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