Hi Dio,Hi FJ,
My thoughts are that Akida 2 with TENNs will be workhorse (FJ), while Akida 3 will be the caddy (the car, not golf).
Akida 2 has INT8-bit accuracy, while Akida3 has INT16-bit plus FP32-bit, so Akida 3's silicon footprint will be much larger than Akida 2's. This will mean fewer chips per wafer, hence higher cost per chip to manufacture, maybe 4 times or more. This indicates that Akida 3 is intended for high precision applications where cost is a secondary consideration, like defence/aerospace.
There was a false dawn Akida 2 tapeout rumour towards the end of last year. At the time the ViT option was offered only with the larger configurations, so I assume that it required a large number of NPUs. ViT is not mentioned now, as it seems that in playing around with TENNs, they found it could do the job with fewer NPUs.
I think the "something coming" was the Akida 2 FPGA cloud access. This is a great sales tool as it enables potential customers to familiarize themselves with the tech, and try out their models before committing to purchasing the hardware.
So the question is, will we be making Akida 2 chips?
We now have a couple of Edge Boxes, the M2 card, and the PCIe card all with Akida 1. Is there an upgrade in the pipeline?
The early models are provided free, but the advanced TENNs models command a licence fee. The TENNs models can run on an ordinary PC, which is a potential income stream before there are any Akida 2 chips.
The thing is that cost is a major barrier to entry for anyone taking a licence to make Akida. There is a substantial licence fee on top of the tapeout and manufacturing costs. Even if we were to decide to make to order, there is a significant time lag in queueing for time at the foundry on top of the actual manufacturing, testing, pinout and packaging time.
Then there is the question of chip specialization. It's all very well to be able to select the number of nodes (up to 256 nodes - 1024 NPUs), but that involves a separate production run for each variation. So does that lead us back to the likes of ARM chiplets?
As I said, I think anyone who wants/needs Akida 3 would have the readies to pay up front/bankroll production and that's still some way off, but Akida 2? We need a couple of well heeled customers soon ...
I think you're right.Hi Dio,
Had always wondered about the cost of tape out on Akida 2. Assumed they would do the 3 versions on a multi project wafer if it was possible.
Trying to remember where Anthony Lewis said they didn't want to produce a physical chip as it might scare off IP sales?
“If I can wait”…Fun Fact , Our Roadmap tells us that in the First Quarter 26 , the AKD 2.0 goes into Production with a custom designed specialised ASIC .
$$$$$$$$$$$$$
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Knowing the above , my guess when Tony Lewis said on LinkedIn that something is coming ,
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Tony was expecting the Engineering Samples .
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Is it not time for shareholders to get excited ?
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i think i just focused on the rocket picView attachment 90334![]()
#spacecomputing | Frontgrade Gaisler
Dávid Juhász attended the opening of ESA Phi-Lab Sweden in Stockholm – the country’s new national laboratory for applied research in AI and edge learning in space systems. ESA Phi-Lab Sweden is part of ESA Phi-Lab NET, the European Space Agency - ESA’s network aimed at accelerating innovation...www.linkedin.com
2024 AGM Q & AHi Dio,
Had always wondered about the cost of tape out on Akida 2. Assumed they would do the 3 versions on a multi project wafer if it was possible.
Trying to remember where Anthony Lewis said they didn't want to produce a physical chip as it might scare off IP sales?
Alican Kiraz has meanwhile received the AKD1000 Mini PCIe Board he had ordered to adapt SNN and GNN (= graph neural network) models for use in robotic arm and autonomous drone projects.
I’m not sure why he calls this an “AKD1000 PCIeM.2 module”, though, as this is evidently not the AKD1000 M.2 form factor that came out in January.
Saying that, we wouldn’t mind him purchasing both form factors, would we?
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Google’s translation from Turkish to English:
“Hello friends!, I've received my BrainChipAkida AKD1000 PCIe neuromorphic chip, which I purchased to adapt SNN and GNN models for use in my Robotic Arm and Autonomous Drone projects.
As you know, today's AI projects require high-parameter Transformer-based models and GPUs to reduce the latency between real-time perception and decision-making. However, achieving this with a milliwatt power budget poses a critical engineering challenge for these systems.
To this end, I integrated the BrainChipAkida AKD1000 PCIeM.2 module into the RaspberryPi5's PCIeGen2x1 lane with a Waveshare PCIe x1, creating a fully edge-driven, event-driven Spiking Neural Network accelerator. This reduces average power consumption by 10x compared to traditional models and accelerates perception-to-decision latency by 5x.
In my research plan, I hope to develop excellent examples of hybrid GNN and SNN architectures using Causal Reasoning in energy-constrained edge applications. Friends pursuing related academic research can easily connect with me on LinkedIn.”
Here is another post by Istanbul-based Alican Kiraz, Head of Cyber Defense Center @Trendyol Group, which links to a Medium article written by him titled “Hybrid SNN Models and Architectures for Causal Reasoning in Next-Generation Military UAVs” that gives us a little theoretical background regarding the PoC he is envisaging, for which he will be utilising his newly purchased Akida Mini PCIe Board:
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TR | Hybrid SNN Models and Architectures for Causal Reasoning in Next-Generation Military UAVs | Alican Kiraz
TR & EN | Selamlar dostlar 🙏 uzun süredir yapay zeka karar-destek sistemleri üzerine kafa yorarken, Hibrit SNN & Causal Reasoning yapay zeka mimari ve yaklaşımıyla Askeri UAV'lerin nasıl evrilebileceği üzerine yeni makalemde teknik ve teorik düzeyde beyin fırtınası yaptım. Özellikle; -...www.linkedin.com
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(English version)
EN | Hybrid SNN Models and Architectures for Causal Reasoning in Next-Generation Military UAVs
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Alican Kiraz
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7 min read
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1 hour ago
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I created it with Midjourney
Although the initial emergence and areas of interest for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) were diverse, their most prominent and widespread use today is undoubtedly in military applications. With the rise of Artificial Intelligence systems and technologies over the past five years, this interest has undergone a significant transformation. Platforms such as the Anduril YFQ-44 and Shield AI MQ-35 V-BAT are now capable of executing missions autonomously, being tasked and coordinated by decision-support AI systems.
Artificial Intelligence is increasingly employed in critical missions such as Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR), autonomous navigation, and target identification. However, the deployment of such AI solutions on the field presents significant challenges — both in terms of mission effectiveness and operational security, as well as resource constraints. These limitations often lead to hesitation and caution in real-world use.
You can access the Turkish version of my article here:
TR | Hybrid SNN Models and Architectures for Causal Reasoning in Next-Generation Military UAVs
İnsansız Hava Araçlarının ilk çıkış ve ilgi noktaları farklı olsada şuan dünyada en çok kullanıldıkları ve ses…
alican-kiraz1.medium.com
One of the most critical challenges lies in the high computational and energy demands of conventional Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), which are widely used in computer vision and autonomous navigation. Additionally, transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) operating in an embedded, agentic architecture for decision support further exacerbate these requirements. These model architectures typically necessitate high-performance GPUs or ruggedized onboard supercomputers integrated into the UAV system.
As you may recall, in my previous article, I examined Russia’s Geran-2 drone, which operates with an onboard Nvidia Jetson Orin module. You may also want to revisit that article for further insights.
TR | Nvidia Jetson Orin-Powered AI Kamikaze Drones: Beating GPS Jamming on the Battlefield
Shahed-136’nın MS serisi versiyonları, İran ve Rusya arasındaki askeri iş birliğinin çıktısı olarak görülüyor. Bu…
alican-kiraz1.medium.com
EN | Nvidia Jetson Orin-Powered AI Kamikaze Drones: Beating GPS Jamming on the Battlefield
The MS series variants of the Shahed-136 are seen as a product of military cooperation between Iran and Russia. The…
alican-kiraz1.medium.com
The integration of Hybrid Spiking Neural Network (SNN) and Causal Reasoning (CR) architectures offers significant advantages in terms of reduced energy consumption, lower latency for real-time decision-making, and increased system reliability. Let us now conceptualize such a system — CR-SNN — built upon a hybrid architecture combining SNN and CR.
This hybrid system leverages the biologically inspired, event-driven nature of SNNs to achieve energy efficiency and computational speed, especially when deployed on neuromorphic hardware platforms. Meanwhile, the Causal Reasoning (CR) component — grounded in Judea Pearl’s causal inference framework, including Structural Causal Models (SCMs) and do-calculus — enables UAVs to develop enhanced situational awareness in complex scenarios. It empowers autonomous systems to perform tasks such as target tracking more effectively and to produce more generalizable and interpretable outputs, even in novel situations not encountered during training.
Moreover, although current AI-based systems can exhibit high accuracy in controlled environments, they tend to lose output quality and reliability when exposed to the complexities of real-world civilian or battlefield environments. In such conditions, the probability of incorrect responses increases significantly. Especially under dynamic circumstances or in the presence of adversarial attacks targeting the UAV, reactive maneuvers become increasingly challenging.
For instance, distinguishing between civilians and combatants in dense urban environments or detecting camouflaged targets remains a considerable challenge for current AI models. Furthermore, the inability of deep learning models — often considered “black boxes” — to provide transparent reasoning for their decisions undermines the trustworthiness and accountability of weaponized UAVs in military operations.
In addition, processing high-bandwidth sensor data in real-time — such as high-resolution visible & thermal imagery or Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) outputs — imposes substantial computational burdens on existing architectures, increasing latency and slowing down decision-making.
Even on popular edge computing platforms like the NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano, optimized models such as YOLOv8n typically operate at around 10 frames per second (FPS), which falls short of the 30 FPS threshold required for real-time navigation. Additionally, the need for active thermal management and an average power consumption of around 20 watts pose significant challenges concerning weight, energy constraints, and thermal design requirements on UAV platforms.
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Source: https://www.seeedstudio.com/blog/20...eYa20KsdYMhX0iJB8GfkWnDoTWWnMlo74zgTLxHoOA3_A
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Source: https://dataphoenix.info/a-guide-to-the-yolo-family-of-computer-vision-models/
Furthermore, transmitting data to the C4 (Command, Control, Communication, and Computers) center for decision-support purposes and relaying mission directives back to the UAV can introduce end-to-end latencies exceeding 150 milliseconds. Such delays risk causing the UAV to miss its optimal decision-making window, especially in time-sensitive scenarios.
Beyond performance metrics, next-generation military UAVs are expected to fulfill a range of advanced capabilities. These include: achieving higher levels of autonomy, maintaining superior situational awareness in complex and uncertain environments, making faster and more accurate decisions, extending operational range and flight endurance, and participating in joint missions in coordination with manned combat aircraft. Meeting these requirements is critical for future air combat effectiveness.
To address these demands, we must go beyond current AI architectures. There is a pressing need for solutions that are more efficient, faster, more reliable, and fundamentally smarter. Specifically, we require AI systems — both in software and hardware — that combine low power consumption, low latency, and high performance, while also possessing the ability to comprehend and act upon complex causal relationships within dynamic operational contexts.
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Source: https://exoswan.com/is-neuromorphic-computing-the-future-of-ai
At this point, the combination of approaches such as Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) and Causal Reasoning (CR) presents a promising pathway to overcome these challenges. These hybrid SNN-CR models hold significant potential to deliver strategic advantages for next-generation military UAVs.
Thanks to the temporally encoded and sparsely activated communication mechanisms of SNNs — modeled after biological neural systems — these networks exhibit significantly lower energy consumption compared to traditional Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), while also enabling faster inference times under real-time operational constraints.
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Source: https://peerj.com/articles/cs-2549/
In a study conducted by researchers at ETH Zurich, it was demonstrated that SNNs consumed six times less energy than a CNN when performing an obstacle avoidance task. Moreover, the SNN model operated with an average inference latency of just 2.4 milliseconds, showcasing its suitability for highly dynamic scenarios.
For further details, see:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925231223010081
Another critical aspect is Causal Reasoning (CR). When integrated — particularly through the framework proposed by Judea Pearl — CR enables AI systems to reason not only through learned correlations, but also through underlying causal relationships. This allows the model to perform robustly and generalize more effectively in environments that deviate from the training data distribution or when faced with unforeseen conditions.
To illustrate with a practical case: in a mission involving the detection of a human group as a potential target, conventional models may focus on features such as camouflage color, presence of vehicles, or group size. In contrast, a causally-informed model could prioritize more nuanced and domain-relevant cues — such as body height, shadows, camouflage patterns, military-style marching formations, or spacing intervals — along with distinct features like carried weapons, by leveraging appropriate sensor modalities and reasoning mechanisms.
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Image Source: https://www.newscientist.com/
The component I wish to emphasize most — and which I have long researched for integration into this powerful architecture — is Causal Reasoning (CR). CR refers to the process by which an AI system understands and analyzes causal relationships between events, then uses this understanding to make decisions or support decision-making based on those causal inferences.
What distinguishes CR from conventional approaches? Traditional machine learning and large language models (LLMs) primarily rely on statistical correlations or correlation-based inference. By integrating CR, we aim to enable the model to reason through causality — essentially allowing the system to ask itself “why” and to answer that question autonomously. This line of reasoning is grounded in the foundational work of Judea Pearl, who introduced a formal framework for causality. Pearl’s model is built upon concepts such as Structural Causal Models (SCMs), causal graphs, and do-calculus.
So, what can CR contribute to a UAV system? For instance, it can be highly effective in diagnosing system failures. Imagine a scenario where a UAV encounters multiple issues such as GPS malfunction, engine anomalies, or communication loss. A causal model can represent these as nodes in a causal graph, with the edges denoting the causal links between them. This enables the system to perform counterfactual or interventional reasoning, such as:
Or:
Such inferential capabilities are powerful, aren’t they?
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Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s42256-023-00744-z
I hope this overview has been insightful. In the next section, we will delve into the technical details and adaptation strategies. Additionally, now that the neuromorphic chip — BrainChip Akida — has arrived, I will be working towards establishing a proof of concept (PoC) based on the proposed architecture.
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See you soon!
Drones
Military
AI
Neural Networks
Military Drones
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Written by Alican Kiraz
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·411 following
Head of Cyber Defense Center @Trendyol | CSIE | CSAE | CCISO | CASP+ | OSCP | eCIR | CPENT | eWPTXv2 | eCDFP | eCTHPv2 | OSWP | CEH Master | Pentest+ | CySA+
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Hi Dio,
Had always wondered about the cost of tape out on Akida 2. Assumed they would do the 3 versions on a multi project wafer if it was possible.
Trying to remember where Anthony Lewis said they didn't want to produce a physical chip as it might scare off IP sales?
Big statement from the Frontgrade CEO.
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Here’s another one from Mitch Stevison, CEO Frontgrade Technologies.
‘it is from a month ago but I missed it at the time and don’t remember seeing it posted here.
View attachment 90377
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Great job Jan!! This product and partnership with BrainChip is a game changer!!! | Mitch Stevison Ph.D.
Great job Jan!! This product and partnership with BrainChip is a game changer!!!www.linkedin.com
Given that the AI disruption is upon us, I think it would be a good thing if the government passively owned a percentage of all companies, but controlled by an independent arm's length authority like the Fed, but you'd need to ensure control was beyond political interference.View attachment 90385
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Trump administration considers stake in defence firms like Lockheed Martin
US Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick floated the possible investment in a TV appearance, as part of a wider Trump push.
Published On 26 Aug 202526 Aug 2025
The administration of United States President Donald Trump is considering taking a stake in domestic defence contractors, including the aerospace company Lockheed Martin.
On Tuesday, Secretary of Commerce Howard Lutnick hinted at the administration making a possible investment in the company as he defended Trump’s push for a greater role in business.
“They’re thinking about it,” Lutnick told the news outlet CNBC when asked if the administration was considering taking pieces of contractors such as Lockheed Martin, Boeing or Palantir Technologies.
While Lutnick cited Pentagon leaders as the source of his information, he also indicated that deals were far from being finalised.
“There’s a lot of talking that needs to be had about, how do we finance our munitions acquisitions?” Lutnick said.
Still, he argued that some private businesses were extensions of the US government. “There’s a monstrous discussion about defence,” he explained. “Lockheed Martin makes 97 percent of their revenue from the US government. They are basically an arm of the US government.”
Lutnick’s statements come on the heels of the Trump administration announcing last week that it had taken a 10 percent stake in the struggling semiconductor chip giant Intel.
Since taking office for a second term, Trump has sought to increase US investments in several key industries, from steel to technology, prompting questions about whether Republicans were drifting from the “small government” platform they are often associated with.
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Lockheed Martin, whose shares rose 1.6 percent following the remarks, responded to Lutnick’s comments by saying, “We are continuing our strong working relationship with President Trump and his Administration to strengthen our national defense.”
Boeing declined to comment, while Palantir did not respond to a request for comment. Boeing’s stock was up 2.8 percent. Meanwhile, Palantir reversed a small initial slide of about 1 percent following the remarks, and by midday, was trading up at 1.4 percent.
Lutnick’s comments are the latest example of the White House’s aggressive interventions in the private sector.
Such moves have historically only been undertaken in wartime, or to save struggling and strategic domestic companies during times of economic stress.
William Hartung, a senior research fellow at the Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft, a think tank, described the move as a bad idea.
He explained that it might “incentivise the government to put financial success for Lockheed Martin ahead of more important strategic considerations”.
“We need some healthy distance between the government and the companies it is supposed to regulate,” he added.
A growing government stake in private enterprise
But despite rumblings from critics, the Trump administration has forged forward with collecting stakes in various industries.
On Friday, it announced that Intel had sold the government a 10 percent stake in its chip-manufacturing business. And in June, the Trump administration intervened to complete Nippon Steel’s purchase of US Steel, taking what Trump called a “golden share” that gives Washington sway over its operations.
It also acquired a stake in MP Materials, a rare earths company, and brokered a deal with technology companies Nvidia and AMD to take 15 percent of their revenue from sales of chips to China that had previously been prohibited.
On Monday, Trump said he wanted to make more US government investments in healthy US companies, even as critics warn that such a role for the government could limit corporate strategy and market agility. Critics have also raised questions about the impact on consumers.
The unusual level of federal government intervention in the economy has created unexpected alliances. Left-leaning Senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont, for example, backed the stake in Intel.
“If microchip companies make a profit from the generous grants they receive from the federal government, the taxpayers of America have a right to a reasonable return on that investment,” Sanders told the news agency Reuters last week.
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Lutnick on Tuesday said that companies that need federal assistance should be prepared to deal with Trump.
“If a company comes to the United States of America government and says, ‘We need your help, we want to change everything’… I think that’s a question between the CEO and the president of the United States of whether he will listen to them and change the rules,” he told CNBC, citing the Nvidia deal.
“If we are adding fundamental value to your business, I think it’s fair for Donald Trump to think about the American people.”
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Trump administration considers stake in defence firms like Lockheed Martin
US Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick floated the possible investment in a TV appearance, as part of a wider Trump push.www.aljazeera.com
Here’s another one from Mitch Stevison, CEO Frontgrade Technologies.
‘it is from a month ago but I missed it at the time and don’t remember seeing it posted here.
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Great job Jan!! This product and partnership with BrainChip is a game changer!!! | Mitch Stevison Ph.D.
Great job Jan!! This product and partnership with BrainChip is a game changer!!!www.linkedin.com
Our Global Foundries association is comforting......
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The intersection of mobility and semiconductors is a fascinating space, and our new strategic collaboration with Hyundai will help accelerate innovation from within it. | Mike Hogan
The intersection of mobility and semiconductors is a fascinating space, and our new strategic collaboration with Hyundai will help accelerate innovation from within it.www.linkedin.com
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Partnering with Apple to boost U.S. semiconductor manufacturing | Mike Hogan posted on the topic | LinkedIn
Our industry is undergoing remarkable transformation as we join forces with @Apple to expand U.S. semiconductor manufacturing. By focusing on technologies that drive wireless connectivity and power management, we’re meeting the evolving needs of partners across key industries and boosting...www.linkedin.com
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Interesting comment on linkden
So when Sean said we haven't lost out to a competitor he was full of shit. I guess we already knew that.Interesting comment on linkden