https://www.embedded.com/top-5-reasons-why-cpu-is-the-best-processor-for-ai-inference/
Link above from ARM twitter X
29 Oct 2024 / 7:49 am
Top 5 Reasons why CPU is the Best Processor for AI Inference
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Ronan Naughton
4 min read
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Advanced artificial intelligence (AI), like generative AI, is enhancing all our smart devices. However, a common misconception is that these AI workloads can only be processed in the cloud and data center. In fact, the majority of AI inference workloads, which are cheaper and faster to run than training, can be processed at the edge – on the actual devices.
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The availability and growing AI capabilities of the CPU across today’s devices are helping to push more AI inference processing to the edge. While heterogeneous computing approaches provide the industry with the flexibility to use different computing components – including the CPU, GPU, and NPU – for different AI use cases and demands, AI inference in edge computing is where the CPU shines.
With this in mind, here are the top five reasons why the CPU is the best target for AI inference workloads.
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The benefits of AI inference on the CPU
Efficiency at the edge
AI processing at the edge is important to the tech industry because the more AI processing at the edge, the more power is saved by not having to send data traveling to and from the cloud. This leads to significant energy and cost savings. The user also benefits from quicker, more responsive AI inference experiences, as well as greater privacy since data is processed locally. These are particularly important for power-constrained devices and edge applications, such as drones, smart wearables, and smart home devices, where power efficiency, latency, and security are paramount. In this context, the CPU plays a crucial role because it’s able to handle these AI inference tasks in the most efficient way possible.
Versatility for various AI inference tasks
The CPU’s versatility allows it to handle a wide range of AI inference tasks, especially for applications and devices requiring quick responses and reliable performance. For example, real-time data processing tasks, like predictive maintenance, environmental monitoring, or autonomous navigation, are handled more efficiently and quickly on the CPU. In industrial IoT applications, this ensures that systems can respond to their environment, or any changes in its environment, in milliseconds. This is crucial for safety and functionality.
Great performance for smaller AI Models
CPUs support a wide range of AI frameworks, like Meta’s PyTorch and ExecuTorch and Google AI Edge’s MediaPipe, making it easy to deploy large language models (LLMs) for AI inference. These LLMs are evolving at a rapid rate, with exceptional user experiences being unlocked by smaller compact models with an ever-decreasing number of parameters. The smaller the model, the more efficient and effective it runs on the CPU.
The availability of smaller LLMs, like the new Llama 3.2 1B and 3B releases, is critical to enabling AI inference at scale. Recently,
Arm demonstrated that running the Llama 3.2 3B LLM on Arm-powered mobile devices through the Arm CPU-optimized kernels leads to a 5x improvement in prompt processing and a 3x improvement in token generation.
We are already seeing developers write more compact models to run on low-power processors and even microcontrollers, saving time and costs.
Plumerai, which provides software solutions for accelerating neural networks on Arm Cortex-A and Cortex-M systems-on-chip (SoCs), runs just over 1MB of AI code on an Arm-based microcontroller that performs facial detection and recognition. Keen to preserve user privacy, all inference is done on the chip, so no facial features or other personal data are sent to the cloud for analysis.
Greater flexibility and programmability for developers
The software community is actively choosing the CPU as the preferred path for targeting their AI workloads due to its flexibility and programmability. The greater flexibility of CPUs means developers can run a broader range of software in a greater variety of data formats without requiring developers to build multiple versions of their code. Meanwhile, every month there are new models with different architectures and quantization schemes emerging. As the CPU is highly programmable, these new models can be deployed on the CPU in a matter of hours.
The architecture foundation for AI innovation
This developer innovation is built on the foundation of the CPU architecture, which continuously adds new features and instructions to process more advanced AI workloads. The ubiquity of the CPU means developers can then access these capabilities to accelerate and innovate AI-based experiences even further. In fact, the ongoing evolution of the CPU architecture has directly corresponded with the evolution of applications that are now faster and more intelligent.
Why CPUs for AI inference are indispensable
CPUs are not just a component of system-on-chip (
SoC) designs, they enable AI to be practical, efficient, and accessible across a wide variety of edge applications and devices. Offering a unique blend of efficiency, versatility, and accessibility, CPUs are indispensable for AI inference. They help reduce energy consumption and latency by processing AI tasks at the edge while delivering faster, more responsive AI experiences for the end user. As AI continues to evolve and permeate every aspect of technology, the role of CPUs in processing AI inference workloads will only grow, ensuring that AI can be deployed widely and sustainably across industries.